Trustwave's 2024 Retail Report Series Highlights Alarming E-Commerce Threats and Growing Fraud Against Retailers. Learn More
Get access to immediate incident response assistance.
Get access to immediate incident response assistance.
Trustwave's 2024 Retail Report Series Highlights Alarming E-Commerce Threats and Growing Fraud Against Retailers. Learn More
Using a VPN (Virtual Private Network) can bring many advantages, particularly when you want to access remote resources, or you are using a network you don't fully trust, for example, a coffee shop or an airport.
In the recent years, there has been a rise in the number of VPN providers targeting users who may not be technically savvy but still want to use a VPN to improve the security of their connections, are concerned about privacy or want to bypass some geographical restriction.
One of the main features such providers offer is that it's really easy to set up a VPN. Just a couple of clicks, a straightforward configuration and you are ready to go. Since they want to make it easy for users, most of the clients offer to store the password so you can connect with a click (or even do it automatically each time your laptop starts).
I had some curiosity regarding the "stored password" functionality, so I started digging, and I found two vulnerabilities. We disclosed these vulnerabilities to PureVPN as part of our Responsible Disclosure program. They accepted the risk of the first one and provided a patch for the second. The details can be found in the advisory TWSL2018-010.
I tested for these vulnerabilities under the following assumptions and conditions:
The vulnerabilities were found in version 5.18.2.0 of the PureVPN Windows client and disclosed to the vendor. The vendor has released a patch. We've tested version 6.1.0, and it's no longer vulnerable.
I'll explain each of the vulnerabilities I found:
Not Fixed. The vendor accepted the risk.
Description
The PureVPN Windows Client provided by PureVPN may allow a local attacker to retrieve the stored password of the last user who successfully logged in to the PureVPN service. Because of this, a local attacker may obtain another user's PureVPN credentials when a Windows machine has multiple users if they have successfully logged in. The attack is done exclusively through the GUI (Graphical User Interface), there's no need to use an external tool.
PoC
Steps to obtain the password:
Evidence
Figure 1. Configuration tab with information about the login
Figure 2. Configuration tab with the credentials
Fixed
Description
The PureVPN Windows Client stores the Login Credentials (username and password) in plaintext. The location of such files is: 'C:\ProgramData\purevpn\config\login.conf'
Additionally, all local users can read this file.
PoC
Steps to obtain the password:
Evidence
Figure 3. Location and content of the file with the credentials in plaintext
Figure 4. Permissions of the file with the credentials in plaintext
Finally, some recommendations are:
To help you test for the presence of this vulnerability, I also created a Metasploit module that you can access here: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/10716
Trustwave is a globally recognized cybersecurity leader that reduces cyber risk and fortifies organizations against disruptive and damaging cyber threats. Our comprehensive offensive and defensive cybersecurity portfolio detects what others cannot, responds with greater speed and effectiveness, optimizes client investment, and improves security resilience. Learn more about us.
Copyright © 2024 Trustwave Holdings, Inc. All rights reserved.